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Thupatna
Reformed
theology tuh Jesu Khrist leh sawltakte’n Lai Siangthou a kibulphuh Pathian’
thutak thugin sinsakna apan a phuhkhiak uh tunitan a huai thugin sinsakna ahi. Reformed
theology in Lai Siangthou sinsakna Pathian’ lalpen leh thuneipen chih a sinsak
hi. Banah, Sinsakna thak ahikei, himahleh Jesu sihnung kum zabi 5 leh 6 kikal
(Medieval church) a Lai Siangthou sinsakna apan pialkhia Roman Catholic saptuam
apan Lai Siangthou sinsakna dik a kiknawnna (radical) sinsakna ahi. Huaiziakin, 16th
century a Martin Luther patkhiak Protestant Reformation (31 Oct 1517) toh
mekmat/kisaina nei agen in om sek hi.
Reformed
theology tuh “Calvinism” John Calvin sinsakna zui pawlte chi a chiamteh
(labeled) in om hi. Charles Spurgeon in, “Calvinism tuh minkhem (nickname) maimai
ahikei Lai Siangthou a Pathian’ thu sinsakna ‘Biblical Theology,’” “Calvinism tuh
sinsakna dang ahikei, tanchinhoih kia ahi,” (gospel, and nothing else)” ana chi
hial hi. Reformed theology tuh Biblical theology /Calvinism toh akhiatna kibang
(synonymous) in a zattheih hi, himahleh “Calvinism” chih sangin “Biblical
Theology” chi lehang agen utpen lian uap kha zaw in a dikpen hi.
Reformed
Theology kipatkhiak dan
Reformed
theology tuh Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) in mihingte kingakna bulpi Pathian’
hehpihna leh lalpenna (God’s Grace and Sovereignty) pansan in 1519 a Zurich,
Switzerland a nasepna leh sinsakna apan hon patkhiak ahi. Zwingli tuh Reformed
ginna zuite “Pa” chih in om hi.
Reformed
theology tuh Calvinism chi a chiamtehna 1558 in zat pat in om hi. John Calvin[1] patkhiak ahikei mahleh a contributions
nasatak aneihte a laibu gelh minthang “Institutes
of the Christian Religion,” “Sermons,”
“Bible Commentaries,” and “Treatises” gelhte ziaka a min vuah a om lamdang
sak luatna ding a omkei, a contribution haih vual ahikei hi. Reformed theology sinsakna
tuh Calvin sinsakna mapek (much older) in a omta hi. Calvin tuh
second-generation Reformed theologian himahleh “abanban a omzianeitak
lemkhawmtu” (systematic thinker), Lai
Siangthou ginomtak a niteng hinkhua toh kituak a sinsaktu theologian (thorougful biblical and practical) ahi.
Huan,
Reformed theology sinsakna tuh Protestant Reformation ma in Jesu sinsakna leh
Paul laikhakte banah Augustine (354-430), Saint Anselm (1033-1109), Bernard of
Clairvauz (1090-1153), Archbishop Thomas Bradwardine(1300-1349) leh Gregory of
Rimini(1300-1348) te’n ana sinsak uhi.
Reformation
hun in Reformed theology sinsakna, Heinrich Bullinger (1504-75), John Knox, Jan
Easki (John a Lasco), Girolamo Zanchi, Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562),
Martin Luther leh John Calvin second-generation Reformed theologians te’n
nasatak in a sinsak uhi.
Protestant
Reformation ahihleh 1520s in kahiang thum in kikhen hi; The Lutheran Churches, the Reformed churches and the Anabaptists. Switzerland
ah Reformed saptuam tuh Zwingli leh Bullinger sinsakna tungtawn in pung hat
mahmah a, Geneva ah Calvin sinsakna ziakin nasatak in khang a Geneva tuh “a model of Reformed city” chih hial in
om hi. Phetlou in sawtlou nungin Reformed sinsakna, khovel pumpi ah kithehdalh
hi (Germany, Hungary, Poland, the
Netherlands, France, Scotland and England). Reformed thugin sinsak pom
ahihziaka independency (congregational form of government) om in, Infant
baptism pom theilou pawl om hi. Amaute Reformed Baptist ahihkeileh Particular
or Calvinistic Baptists chih in om uhi. Reformed saptuamte a tamzaw in Presbyterian
form of government pom a, himahleh episcopal form of government pom tamlou om
hi. Covenant theology, infant and adult baptism banah, eschatology ah
amillennialism pom ahi. Himahleh, postmillennialism pom a om veve thou hi.
Reformed Theology Thuginte (Tenets)
1.
The
Five Solas
Reformed
theology in Reformation a kipan khia “The Five Solas” (sola is Latin for
“alone”) pom in, a lenkip hi:
(i)
Sola Scriptura Lai Siangthou Kia
(ii)
Solus Christus Khrist Kia
(iii) Sola
Gratia Hehpihna
Kia
(iv) Sola
Fide Ginna Kia
(v)
Soli Deo Gloria Thupina tengteng Pathian a Kia
“Mikhial
Pathian mai a siamtansakna tuh Pathian’ hehpihna kia, ginna tungtawn kia in,
Jesu Khrist kia ziakin, Pathian thupina ding leh Lai Siangthou thuneih, bukim
leh Pathian hatkhumn kia in” chih pomkip hi.
2.
The
Sovereignty of God
Reformed
theology in Pathian’ lalpen, thuneipen (Sovereign), thil hong tung dingte ah
tup-le-ngim kichiantak nei phetlou a sepkhol in, a sehkholh bang zel in
tangtung zel chih Lai Siangthou sinsakna sinsakin a pomkip hi.
3.
The
Doctrine of Grace
Reformed
theology in hotdamna toh kisai a Lai Siangthou sinsakna alaktom “the five
points of Calvinism” or “the doctrine of grace” TULIP a pom hi.
(i)
T- stands for Total Depravity (Mihingte Siatgawpna)
(ii)
U- stands for Unconditional Election (Pansan bei Telna)
(iii) L-
stands for Limited Atonement (Tupbiknei
Tatna)
(iv) I-
stands for Irresistible Grace (Nanvuallouh
Hehpihna)
(v)
P- stands for Perseverance of the Saints (Misiangthoute
Bitna)
4.
Confessions
and Catechisms
Reformed sinsakna zui saptuamte’n Lai Siangthou toh kikim chi a pom hikei mahleh Lai Siangthou apan lakkhiak sinsakna thugin puankhiakna, dotna leh dawn laibu neu (confessions and catechisms) bang zah hiam a pom hi.
(i) Three Forms of Unity;
a. The
Belgic Confession of Faith (1561) [Martyr and pastor Guido de Bres gelh]
b. The
Heidelberg Catechism (1563) [Zacharius Ursinus (1534-1583) and Casper Olevianus
(1536-1587) gelh].
c. The
Canons of the Synod of Dort (5 points of Calvinism).
(ii) The Second Helvetic Confession (1566) [Bullinger a personal confession, a nunga Reformed saptuamte zat dia pomkip].
(iii) The Westminster Standards;
a. The
Westminster Confession of Faith (1643)
b. The
Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647)
c. The
Westminster Larger Catechism (1647)
d. The
Directory of Worship
5.
Covenant
Theology and Infant Baptism
Genesis
apan Kilakna tan donga Pathian in thukhun tuamtuam (Old and New Covenants) amite
toh ana bawl pomkip hi. Banah, gingtu baptisma (believer baptism) pomkia hilou
in gingtu inn sung a khanglian naungek baptisma (infant baptism) leng apomkip lai
hi.
Reformed Theology Hihnate
1.
Reformed
theology is Catholic
Reformed
theology tuh muhtheih Reformed sinsakna gingta leitung pumpi (Catholic) huap
saptuamte, Lai Siangthou bu 66 leh Khristian sahkhua pawlpi tuamtuamte toh
thuginpi (ecumenical creeds) Lai Siangthou pansan a kibawlte pomkipna genna ahi.
Saptuamte Pathian telkhiakte ahihman un leitung pumpi a misiangthoute leh
apostles te dinsuah saptuam chi a pom banah trinitarian pom ahi. Hotdamna a Pa
telna nasep, Tapa tatkhiakna nasep leh Kha Siangthou hihhinna nasepna pomkip
hi.
2.
Reformed
theology is Evangelical
Reformed
theology in tanchinhoih (good news) puangzakna leh thehzakna tup-le-ngim pipen in
anei hi. Tanchinhoih i zak leh gintak uh leitung pumpi ah puangzak ding, mikhialte
hotdam ahihtheihna ding ua panlak ding tup-le-ngim in a nei hi.
3.
Reformed
theology is God-centered/Christ-centered
Reformed
theology in Pathian leh a hotdamna thiltup (God-centered/Christ-centered), Jesu
Khrist a sepsuahna nasep thugin a sinsak pipen (main focus) hi. Lai Siangthou
Genesis apan Kilakna tan donga a center message Jesu Khrist huaiziakin Pathian
hihna, hun paisa a nasepte, mikhialte tunga hehpihna leh zahngaihna Jesu Khrist
tungtawn a theihna leh hotdamna thugin a sinsak hi. The 5 points of Calvinism,
covenant theology, predestination, election, etc, te a main focus ahikei hi.
4.
Reformed
theology in Hermeneutics
Reformed
Hermeneutics tuh Lai Siangthou lehkhiak dan (biblical interpretation), laigelh
dan leh pau bulte siamna kia ahikei a, khalam pilna leng ahi. Lai Siangthou a
Pathian thukhun (covenant) muanhuaina tungtawn in a letkhia zel hi. Laigelh
dan, pau bulte, khalam pilna siamna banah Pathian in Thukhun Lui a, amite toh
thukhun ana bawl leh Jesu Khrist a Thukhun Thak (New covenant)/hehpihna thukhun
(covenant of Grace) etdan (perspective) in a letkhia hi (Gen. 17:7; Heb.
8:10), thukhun tuamtuamte tungtawn a Pathian mihingte lak a hong
kilak ziakin. Reformed hermeneutic Pathian’ thukhun etdan a lehkhiakna in
Pathian thuchiamte’n Jesu Khrist kok
in tulai saptuam a mimal hinkhua toh kituak in a zattheih hi. Huaiziakin,
Pathian’ thukhun tungtawn a Lai Siangthou lehkhiak apoimoh a Jesu Khrist tanchinhoih
sinsakna diklou apan a vengbit hi.
5.
Reformed
theology is always reforming
Reformed
theology in Lai Siangthou lehkhiakna ah gingtute khialthei/diklou thei
(fallible) ahi chiin a sinsak hi. Huaiziakin, Reformed sinsakna in ki-enchian
(re-evaluating) gige a, Pathian’ thu toh kituak a kibawl thak (renewing) gige poimohna
leh, siamna, pilna Lai Siangthou theihna kia a kinga chih a sinsak hi.
Reformed
Theology hiloute:
1.
Reformed
theology is not anthropocentric
Reformed
theology tuh God-centered, Pathian a main focus, Lai Siangthou a kibulphuh
thugin sinsakna ahi. Hotdamna abul apan a toptan Pathian kia nasep (monergistic) chiin a sinsak hi.
Non-Reformed
theology/Arminian te sinsak dan in hotdamna ah mihing in Pathian nasepna
panpih/thoh (contribute/cooperate/synergistic)
ngai ahi chi a sinsak uh, Lai Sianghtou kalh ahi chiin a pomkei hi. Banah,
Reformed theology in Jesu sisan tuh hotdamna dingin a kiching huntawk (sufficient), mikhial hotdamna dinga poimoh tengteng a sembuching
chiin a sinsak hi. Non-Reformed sinsakna in Jesu Khrist sisan tuh hotdamna
dingin apoimoh (necessary), mikhial
lam apan a ziak (condition) om chianga
hotdam kihithei pan, mihing lam a banghiam a ziak om keileh Jesu sisan in hon
hondam zoulou chihna ahi a, hiai bang sinsakna a pomkei hi. Pathian’ itna leh
hehpihna a ziakbei ahih ziakin. Huaiziakin, Reformed theology in mihingte focus
(man-centered) pipen a nei chih a sinsak kei hi. Man-centered ahikei, mihing
pilna ngaihtuahsiamna (philosophy, reasoning) a kinga thugin sinsakna ahikei
hi.
2.
Arminians
khenkhat Reformed a kichi uh
Arminians sinsakna zuipawlte’n amau leng Reformed Arminian akichi tei ua, Reformed thumal Calvinists te kia genna in a kizang kei achi uhi. Himahleh, Reformed theology akizat pat hun 1518-1520s in James Arminius leng a piang naikei hi (1560 in a piang). Arminius tuh Amsterdam a Reformed pastor himahleh Reformed sinsakna; pansanbei telna, mikhial amah leh amah kihondam theilou chihte banah Reformation thuginpite lak a Belgic Confession leh Heidelberg Catechism a pomkei hi. Amah sih nungin a sinsakna zui mi 43 te’n “Remonstrance” (meaning “kalhna”) kichi min vuah in akipawl khawm ua, Reformed sinsakna tuamtuamte kalh in thubuai abawl ua, Canons of Dort 1618-1619 Dordrecht, the Netherlands ah neih in om hial hi. Hiai khawmpi ah, Arminius sinsakna zuite (Arminianism) sinsakna Lai Siangthou support tu ding omlouh ziakin pom ahikei hi. Huaiziakin, Reformed doctrine apan pialkhia in “Reformed” thumal a zang theikei uhi.
Thukhitna
Reformed theology tuh Lai Siangthou a kibulphuh sinsakna (biblical theology), Pathian (God-centered/Christ-centered) a main focus ahi a, Pathian’ thu sinsakna Jesu Khrist, sawltakte leh gingtu masate’n ana sinsak uh tunitan a Lai Siangthou toh kituak/kimil a kisinsakna ahi. Reformed theology in mikhialte kingainiamsak a, hanthawn a, khamuan hi (Rom 8:31). Reformed theology in Pathian tuh Pathian, lalpen, thuneipen leh mihingte dinmun siatdan, mahni kihondam theiloute, hotdamna poimoh ahihdan a sinsak a, Pathian thupina leh lalna tengteng apia hi (Isa 42:8; Rom 11:36). Banah, Lai Siangthou sinsakna a kinga a, kivelchian leh Pathian’ thu toh kituak a kibawl thak gige poimoh dan a sinsak hi.
Kapsuanmung
Further Reading
Books:
Bavinck,
Herman. Reformed Dogmatics, vol. 1,
ed. John Bolt. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker
Academic, 2011.
Beeke,
R. Joel and Paul M. Smalley. Reformed
Systematic Theology: Revelation and God. Wheaton,
Illinois: Crossway, 2019.
Horton, Michael. For Calvinism. Foreword by Roger E. Olson.
Grand Rapids:
Zondervan, 2011.
Sproul,
R.C. What is Reformed Theology? Understanding
the Basics. Grand Rapids, Michigan:
Baker Pub. Group, 1997.
The Canons of Dort:
1618-1619. Florida: Chapel Library,
2010.
Articles:
Gregory
Edward Reynolds, “Reformed or Reforming?” https://www.opc.org/new- horizons/HN01/10d.html
James
Montgomery Boice, “Reformed Theology,” http://www.reformedreader.org/t.u.l.i.p.htm
John
Samson, “Reformed v. Non-Reformed Theology: The Central Difference,” https://effectualgrace.com/2012/12/17/the-central-difference/
Phil
Ryken, “Reformed Theology,” https://www.tenth.org/resource-library/articles/reformed- theology/
Sproul,
R.C. “What is Reformed Theology Is Not,” https://www.ligonier.org/blog/what
is reformed-theology-not/
Tim
Challies, “Reformed: A Definition,” https://www.challies.com/articles/reformed-a- definition/
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